EARLY LIFE OF UMAR IBN E KHTAB
"Omar" redirects here. For different uses, see Omar (disambiguation).
"Umar Farooq" redirects here. For the Danish athlete, see Umar Farooq (cricketer).
Umar
ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb (Arabic: عمر بن الخطاب, conjointly spelled Omar, c. 583/584 – 644) was the second Rashidun khalif, ruling from August 634 till his assassination in 644. He succeeded Abu Bakr (r. 632–634) because of the second khalif of the Rashidun Caliphate was on twenty-three August 634. Umar was a senior companion and in-law of the Muslim prophet Muhammad. He was conjointly Associate in Nursing skilled Muslim jurist legendary for his pious and simple nature, which attained him the epithet Al-Farooq ("the one United Nations agency distinguishes (between right and wrong)").
Umar at first opposed Muhammad, his distant Qurayshite relative and later relative-in-law. Following his conversion to Islam in 616, he became the primary Muslim to brazenly pray at the shrine. Umar participated in the majority of battles and expeditions below Muhammad, United Nations agency conferred the title al-Faruq ('the Distinguisher') upon Umar, for his judgments. when Muhammad's died in the Gregorian calendar month 632, Umar pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr (r. 632–634) because the initial khalif and served because the nighest advisor to the latter till August 634, once the dying Abu Bakr appointed Umar as his successor.
Under Umar, the caliphate dilated at an Associate at Nursing unprecedented rate, ruling the Sasanian Empire and quite a simple fraction of the Eastern Roman Empire.[6] His attacks against the Sasanian Empire resulted in the conquest of Persia in but 2 years (642–644). in step with soul tradition, Umar put aside the Christian ban on Jews and allowed them into Jerusalem and to worship.[7] Umar was dead by the Persian slave Abu Lu'lu'a Firuz in 644.
Umar is usually viewed by historians to be one of the foremost powerful and potent Muslim caliphs in history.[8] he's revered within the Sunni Muslim tradition as an excellent simply ruler and paragon of Muslim virtues,[9] and a few hadiths establish him because the second greatest of the Sahabah when Abu Bakr.[10][11] he's viewed negatively within the Twelver Shiah Islam tradition.[12]
Early life
Umar was born in Mecca to the Banu Adi kin group, which was chargeable for arbitration among the tribes.[13] His father was Khattab ibn Nufayl and his mother was Hantama bint Hisham, from the tribe of Banu Makhzum. In his youth, he was accustomed to tending to his father's camels within the plains close to Mecca. His merchandiser father was illustrious for his intelligence among his tribe.[14] Umar himself said: "My father, al-Khattab, was a merciless man. He accustomed build ME work hard; if I did not work he accustomed beat ME and he accustomed work ME to exhaustion."[15]
Despite accomplishment being uncommon in pre-Islamic Arabia, Umar learned to scan and write in his youth. although not a writer himself, he developed a love for poetry and literature.[16] in step with the tradition of Quraish, whereas still in his adolescent years, Umar learned martial arts, horse riding, and wrestling. He was tall, hard, and a famous belligerent.[16][17] He was conjointly a precocious speechifier United Nations agency succeeded his father as Associate in Nursing go-between among the tribes.[18]
Umar became a merchandiser and created many journeys to Rome and Persia, wherever he's aforesaid to possess met varied students and analyzed Roman and Persian societies. As a merchandiser he was unsuccessful.[16][19] Like others around him, Umar was keen on drinking in his pre-Islamic days.[20]
